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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Mutual shaping ： ウィキペディア英語版 Mutual shaping The term mutual shaping was developed through Science and Technology Studies (STS) in an attempt to explain the detailed process of technological design.〔Quan-Haase, A. (2013). Technology and society: Social networks, power, and inequality. Oxford University Press. 63.〕 Mutual shaping is a combination of social determinism and technological determinism, suggesting that society and technology are not mutually exclusive to one another and, instead, influence and shape each other.〔Quan-Haase, A. (2013). Technology and society: Social networks, power, and inequality. Oxford University Press. 64.〕 == Comparison of TD and SD == Technological determinism (TD), coined by Thorstein Veblen, suggests that technology is the primary catalyst for change in society. Following this theory, the development and implementation of technology is beyond the control of society as it is pervasive in all elements of our lives. Once a technology has been created its influence on society is an inevitable, predetermined path. An example that supports technological determinism is the development of the printing press that accelerated the Protestant Reformation.〔Humphreys, L. (2010). Technological determinism. In S. Priest (Ed.), Encyclopedia of science and technology communication. (pp. 870-873). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412959216.n293〕 In contrast, social determinism (SD), popularized by social theorists Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, purports that social structure is the driving factor towards change in society.〔Determinism. (2001). In World of sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.dal.ca/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fworldsocs%2Fdeterminism%2F0〕 Following this view, society is the governing force that determines social behaviour, and technology is created and adapted based on society’s wants and needs.〔Mahood, Aurelea. (2008). Social and technological determinism. CultureNet @ CapilanoU. Retrieved from http://culturenet.wordpress.com/2008/03/07/social-and-technological-determinism/〕 Both TD and SD are cause-and-effect theories suggesting that technology and society are mutually exclusive. The theory of mutual shaping suggests that technology design is a result of a synthesis of TD and SD. It sees technology and society working together to facilitate change. Society changes as a direct result of the implementation of technology that has been created based on society’s wants and needs. They function collectively to shape one another.〔Quan-Haase, A. (2013). Technology and society: Social networks, power, and inequality. Oxford University Press. 64.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mutual shaping」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.